Agace gato k’abatishoboye bo mu majyaruguru ya Etiyopiya mu majyaruguru ya Tigray bahabwa imfashanyo y’ibiribwa, nk’uko bigaragara mu nyandiko y’ubutabazi yagaragajwe n’ikinyamakuru Associated Press, nyuma y’ukwezi kumwe nyuma yuko ibigo by’ubutabazi byongeye gutanga ingano nyuma yo guhagarara igihe kirekire kubera ubujura.
14% gusa by’abantu miliyoni 3.2 bagenewe infashanyo y’ibiribwa n’inzego zita ku bantu mu karere muri uku kwezi bari barayibonye bitarenze ku ya 21 Mutarama, nk’uko bigaragara mu nyandiko yanditswe na Tigray Food Cluster, itsinda ry’ibigo by’ubutabazi bifatanije n’umuryango w’abibumbye. Gahunda y’ibiribwa ku isi n’abayobozi ba Etiyopiya.
Urwibutso rusaba imitwe itabara imbabare “guhita yongerera imbaraga” ibikorwa byayo, ikaburira ko “kudashyira mu bikorwa ingamba zihuse ubu bizaviramo ikibazo cy’ibura ry’ibiribwa ndetse n’imirire mibi mu gihe cy’ibihe, hashobora gutakaza abana n’abagore batishoboye kurusha abandi mu karere. ”
Umuryango w’abibumbye na Amerika bahagaritse inkunga y’ibiribwa kuri Tigray hagati muri Werurwe umwaka ushize nyuma yo kuvumbura gahunda “nini” yo kwiba ingano y’ubutabazi. Ihagarikwa ryashyizwe mu bindi bihugu bya Etiyopiya muri Kamena.
Abayobozi ba Amerika bemeza ko ubujura bushobora kuba aribwo buryo bunini bwo gutandukanya ingano. Abaterankunga b’ikiremwamuntu bashinje abayobozi ba leta ya Etiyopiya n’abasirikare b’icyo gihugu ubwo buriganya.
Umuryango w’abibumbye na Amerika byavanyeho ihagarikwa mu Kuboza nyuma yo gushyiraho ivugurura ryo gukumira ubujura, ariko abayobozi ba Tigray bavuga ko ibiryo bitagera ku babikeneye.
Abakozi babiri bashinzwe imfashanyo babwiye AP ko sisitemu nshya – ikubiyemo guhuza GPS ikurikirana amakamyo y’ibiribwa n’amakarita ya ration hamwe na code ya QR – yabangamiwe n’ibibazo bya tekiniki, bigatuma ubukererwe. Inzego zita ku mfashanyo nazo zirwana no kubura amafaranga.
Umukozi wa gatatu w’ubutabazi yavuze ko guhagarika imfashanyo y’ibiribwa no gutangira buhoro bivuze ko abantu bamwe bo muri Tigray batabonye inkunga y’ibiribwa mu gihe kirenga umwaka. Umukozi ushinzwe ubutabazi yagize ati: “Banyuze mu byiciro byinshi byo kwiyandikisha no kugenzura, ariko kugeza ubu nta bisaranganya bifatika.”
Abakozi bashinzwe ubutabazi bavuganye na AP kugira ngo batamenyekana kuko batemerewe kuvugana n’abanyamakuru.
Abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 20.1 hirya no hino muri Etiyopiya bakeneye ibiryo by’ubutabazi kubera amapfa, amakimbirane ndetse n’ubukungu bwa tanki. Guhagarika imfashanyo byatumye inzara irushaho kwiyongera.
Sisitemu yatewe inkunga na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika yihanangirije ko inzara cyangwa mbi “biteganijwe mu majyaruguru, mu majyepfo no mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo ya Etiyopiya mu ntangiriro za 2024.” Uwahoze ayobora WFP yavuze ko izo nzara “zigenda zicwa n’inzara.”
Mu karere ka Amhara gaturanye na Tigray, kwigomeka kwadutse muri Kanama bibangamira ingendo z’abantu kandi bigatuma kugabana bigorana, mu gihe uturere twinshi twa Etiyopiya twangijwe n’amapfa amaze imyaka myinshi.
Umubare w’imirire mibi mu bana bo mu bice bya Etiyopiya ya Afar, Amhara na Oromia uri hagati ya 15.9% na 47%, nk’uko byagaragajwe n’ikigo cy’imirire cya Etiyopiya kandi cyasuzumwe na AP. Mu bana bimuwe muri Tigray, igipimo ni 26.5%. Ihuriro ry’imirire ya Etiyopiya rifatanije n’ikigega cy’abana cy’umuryango w’abibumbye na guverinoma.
Tigray ituwe n’abantu miliyoni 5.5, yari ihuriro ry’intambara ikaze y’imyaka ibiri y’abaturage yahitanye ibihumbi magana kandi isuka mu turere duturanye. Itsinda ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryashinje guverinoma ya Etiyopiya kuba yarakoresheje “inzara mu buryo bw’intambara” ibuza Tigray inkunga y’ibiribwa mu gihe cy’amakimbirane, yarangiye mu Gushyingo 2022 n’amasezerano y’amahoro.
Umutekano muke uhoraho bivuze ko 49% gusa by’ubutaka bwa Tigray bwahinzwe mu gihe cy’ibihingwa by’umwaka ushize, nk’uko byagaragajwe n’isuzuma ryakozwe n’imiryango y’umuryango w’abibumbye, imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta n’ubuyobozi bw’akarere, kandi AP yabibonye.
Umusaruro w’ibihingwa muri utwo turere wari 37% gusa byateganijwe kubera amapfa. Mu turere tumwe na tumwe, igipimo cyari munsi ya 2%.
Umusaruro muke watumye abayobozi ba Tigray baburira ko “inzara ikabije” ishobora guhura n’ibiza byo mu 1984-5, byahitanye abantu ibihumbi magana hirya no hino mu majyaruguru ya Etiyopiya keretse niba ubufasha bw’ubutabazi bwihuse.
Icyakora, guverinoma ihuriweho na Etiyopiya ihakana ko hari ikibazo gikomeye cy’inzara. Ubwo umuyobozi wa Tigray, Getachew Reda, yazaga impungenge ku mpfu z’inzara y’abantu benshi mu kwezi gushize, umuvugizi wa guverinoma ya federasiyo yamaganye aya makuru “atari yo” anamushinja “kuba yarakoze politiki mu kibazo.”
