Ku wa kabiri (27 Gashyantare) mu gitondo, imyigaragambyo y’iminsi ibiri yatangiriye mu mujyi wa Lagos mu bucuruzi i Lagos mbere gato yuko ahandi hantu mu gihugu hakurikiraho.
Amwe mu mashyirahamwe akomeye y’igihugu, Kongere y’abakozi muri Nijeriya (NLC), yahamagariye abakozi kwerekana uburakari ku bibazo bigenda byiyongera ndetse n’umutekano muke.
Abanyanijeriya babayeho muri kimwe mu bihugu by’iburengerazuba bwa Afurika byifashe nabi mu bukungu mu myaka yatewe n’izamuka ry’ifaranga n’ingaruka za politiki y’ifaranga ryatumye ifaranga riba hasi cyane ku madorari.
Kimwe mu bisabwa mu ibaruwa yakwirakwijwe mu bitangazamakuru cyagize kiti: “Fungura silos zose zibikwa mu biribwa kandi urebe ko igabanywa mu gihugu hose.”
Urugaga rw’abakozi NLC rwahamagariye guverinoma kureka politiki ya Banki y’Isi na IMF bemeza ko byongera ibibazo muri Nijeriya.
Ku wa mbere (26 Gashyantare), minisitiri w’imari yatangaje ko hasubukuwe kohereza amafaranga mu buryo butaziguye kugira ngo afashe ingo zisaga miliyoni 12 zitishoboye.
Ibintu bimeze nabi cyane mu turere tw’amakimbirane mu majyaruguru ya Nijeriya, aho abahinzi batagishoboye guhinga ibyo barya kuko bahatiwe guhunga ihohoterwa.
Mbere y’imyigaragambyo yo ku wa kabiri, Wale Edun yabwiye BBC ko Perezida Bola Tinubu “yumvaga kandi akora kugira ngo abanya Nigeriya bakeneye”.
Nigute ibintu byabaye bibi cyane?
Nijeriya ntabwo ari ubukungu bukomeye bwa Afurika gusa. Umusaruro rusange w’imbere mu gihugu uterwa ahanini na serivisi nkikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n’amabanki, hagakurikiraho ubucuruzi n’inganda zitunganya hanyuma ubuhinzi.
Ikibazo ni uko ubukungu butari kure bihagije ku baturage ba Nijeriya bagera kuri miliyoni 210, bashingiye cyane ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga kugira ngo babone ibyo buri munsi abenegihugu bakeneye kuva mu modoka kugeza ku bicuruzwa kandi bidatanga umusaruro uhagije. Irashobora rero kwibasirwa byoroshye nihungabana ryo hanze nkisoko rihwanye nisoko ryivunjisha rigena igiciro cyibicuruzwa na serivisi.
Ubukungu bwa Nijeriya bushingiye cyane kuri peteroli, yinjiza amadovize menshi. Igihe ibiciro bya peteroli byagabanutse mu 2014, abayobozi bakoresheje ububiko bw’amahanga buke kugira ngo bagerageze guhagarika naira mu gihe cy’ivunjisha ryinshi. Guverinoma kandi yahagaritse imipaka y’ubutaka kugira ngo ishishikarize umusaruro waho no kugera ku madorari make ku batumiza ibintu bimwe na bimwe.
Izi ngamba ariko, zarushijeho guhungabanya naira mu koroshya isoko ryiyongera ku madorari. Igurishwa rya peteroli ya peteroli izamura amadovize nayo yagabanutse kubera ubujura budashira no kwangiza imiyoboro.
Nigute ivugurura ry’amafaranga ryashyizwe mu bikorwa?
Nyuma gato yo gufata ubutegetsi muri Gicurasi umwaka ushize, Perezida Bola Tinubu yafashe ingamba zitinyutse zo gukemura ubukungu bwifashe nabi no gukurura abashoramari. Yatangaje ko iherezo ry’inkunga ya gaze ihenze mu myaka mirongo, guverinoma yavuze ko itagishoboye kuramba. Hagati aho, igipimo cy’ivunjisha ryinshi mu gihugu cyahurijwe hamwe kugira ngo ingufu z’isoko zimenyekanishe igipimo cya naira yaho ugereranije n’idolari, ibyo bikaba byatesheje agaciro ifaranga.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko nta ngamba zihagije zihari zo gukumira ihungabana ryagombaga kuza biturutse ku ivugurura ririmo gutanga uburyo bwo gutwara abantu ku nkunga ndetse no kongera umushahara ako kanya.
Kwiyongera rero kurenga 200% kw’ibiciro bya gaze byatewe no kurangiza inkunga ya gaze byatangiye kugira ingaruka ku bindi byose, cyane cyane ko abaturage bishingikiriza cyane kuri moteri ikoreshwa na gaze kugirango bamurikire ingo zabo kandi bakore ubucuruzi bwabo.
Kuki naira igabanuka mu gaciro?
Ku buyobozi bwabanjirije Banki Nkuru ya Nijeriya, abafata ibyemezo bagenzuye cyane igipimo cya naira ku madorari, bityo bahatira abantu n’abashoramari bakeneye amadolari kwerekeza ku isoko ryirabura, aho ifaranga ryacururizaga ku gipimo gito cyane.
Habayeho kandi ibirarane byinshi by’ivunjisha ryakusanyirijwe ku isoko ryemewe – bivugwa ko ari miliyari 7 z’amadolari – bitewe n’uko amadolari make agenda kubera ko ishoramari ry’amahanga muri Nijeriya ndetse n’igurisha ry’amavuta muri iki gihugu ryagabanutse.
Abayobozi bavuze ko igipimo cy’ivunjisha bihuriweho bisobanura ko byoroha kugera ku madorari, bityo bigashishikariza abashoramari b’amahanga no guhagarika naira. Ariko ibyo ntibirabaho kuko kwinjira byabaye bibi. Ahubwo, naira yarushijeho gucika intege kuko ikomeje guta agaciro ku madorari.
Abayobozi bakora iki?
Guverineri wa CBN, Olayemi Cardoso, yatangaje ko banki yakuyeho miliyari 2,5 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu bihugu by’amahanga bidasubirwaho muri miliyari 7 z’amadolari yari yarabaye indashyikirwa. Banki ariko yasanze miliyari 2.4 z’amadolari y’ibyo bisigaye ari ibinyoma bivuga ko bitazasobanuka, Cardoso yavuze ko hasigara amafaranga agera kuri miliyari 2.2 z’amadolari, yavuze ko azahanagurwa “vuba.”
Hagati aho, Tinubu, yategetse irekurwa ry’ibiribwa nk’ibinyampeke biva mu bubiko bwa leta mu zindi nteko zishinzwe gufasha mu kugabanya ingaruka z’ingorane. Guverinoma yavuze kandi ko iteganya gushyiraho akanama gashinzwe ibicuruzwa kugira ngo gafashe kugenzura ibiciro bizamuka by’ibicuruzwa na serivisi.
Ku ya 15 Gashyantare, umuyobozi wa Nijeriya yabonanye na ba guverineri ba Leta kugira ngo baganire ku kibazo cy’ubukungu, igice kikaba ari cyo yashinjaga guhunika ibiryo byinshi mu bubiko bumwe na bumwe.
Tinubu yagize ati: “Tugomba gukora ku buryo abakekeranya, abaterankunga ndetse n’abashaka ubukode batemerewe guhungabanya imbaraga zacu kugira ngo Abanyanijeriya bose babone ibiryo byinshi”.
Kugeza ku ya 16 Gashyantare mu gitondo, ibitangazamakuru byaho byavugaga ko amaduka yafunzwe kubera kubika no kwishyuza ibiciro bidakwiye.
