Iki gitero ni igisubizo gikomeye cya gisirikare ku gikorwa cy’Aba Houtis gikomeje ibikorwa byo kugaba ibitero bya drone na misile ku mato y’ubucuruzi mu nyanja itukura, byatangiye nyuma y’intambara ya Isiraheli muri Gaza. Dore uko twageze hano:
Aba Houthis ni bande?
Aba Houthis ni umutwe w’ingabo witwara gisirikare wo muri Yemeni witiriwe uwawushinze, Hussein Badreddin al-Houthi, kandi uhagarariye ishami rya Zaidi rya Islamu. Bagaragaye mu myaka ya za 1980 barwanya imyizerere y’idini ya Arabiya Sawudite muri Yemeni. Iri tsinda rifite abarwanyi bagera ku 20.000 kandi ryitwa Ansar Allah, riyobora igice kinini cy’iburengerazuba bw’igihugu kandi rikaba rishinzwe ku nkombe z’inyanja Itukura.
Aba Houthis bashyigikiwe na Irani kuva kera kandi bashyigikiye Hamas mu ntambara yabereye i Gaza. Nyuma gato y’ubwicanyi bwa Hamas ku ya 7 Ukwakira, umuyobozi wa Houthi Abdul Malik Al-Houthi yavuze ko ingabo ze “ziteguye kwimuka mu bihumbi amagana kugira ngo zifatanye n’abaturage ba Palesitine no guhangana n’umwanzi”.
Inyanja Itukura, imwe mu miyoboro itwara abantu benshi ku isi, iri mu majyepfo y’umuyoboro wa Suez, inzira y’amazi akomeye ahuza Uburayi na Aziya na Afurika y’iburasirazuba. Yemeni iherereye ku nkombe yo mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bw’inyanja, aho ihurira n’ikigobe cya Aden.
Nyuma gato y’intambara ya Gaza itangiye Aba Houthis batangiye kugaba ibitero bya misile na drone ku bwato bwo mu nyanja itukura, ibyinshi muri byo bikaba byarahagaritswe n’ibikorwa byo guhangana na Amerika na Isiraheli.
Ibintu byarushijeho kwiyongera ku ya 19 Ugushyingo, ubwo abarwanyi bakoreshaga kajugujugu kugira ngo bafate imodoka yari yarahawe na sosiyete y’Abayapani kandi ifitanye isano n’umucuruzi wo muri Isiraheli, bashimuse abakozi. Aba Houthis bavuze ko ubwato bwose babonaga ko bufitanye isano na Isiraheli cyangwa ibihugu byabwo “buzaba ari igitero cyemewe ku ngabo”.
Ibitero byinshi byibasiye amato byarakurikiranye, ahanini ntibyagerwaho, ariko amasosiyete menshi atwara abantu nyamara yahisemo kurenga inzira yinyanja itukura hanyuma akerekeza muri South Africa’s Cape of Good Hope (Niko hitwa), byatumye hiyongeraho igihe ndetse n’igiciro cy’urugendo kiriyongera.
Ubundi “South Africa’s Cape of Good Hope” ni agace kari mu mazi kahawe iyo nyito na John II wo muri Porutugali ayita “Cape of Good Hope” (Cabo da Boa Esperança) kubera icyizere gikomeye cyatewe no gufungura inzira y’inyanja yerekeza mu Buhinde no mu Burasirazuba.
Ku ya 18 Ukuboza Amerika yatangaje ko hashyizweho Operation Prosperity Guardian mu rwego rwo gusubiza ibitero bya Houthi.
Amerika yirinze guhangana mu buryo butaziguye kugeza ku ya 31 Ukuboza, ubwo kajugujugu z’Amerika zirwanira mu mazi zarasaga itsinda ry’ubwato buto bwagerageje kwinjira mu bwato bwa kontineri bwari bwabasabye kubarinda. Urupfu rw’abarwanyi 10 rwaranze icyiciro gishya mu bibazo.
Ku ya 9 Mutarama Amato y’intambara yo muri Amerika n’Ubwongereza yarashe drone 21 na misile zarashwe n’Aba Houthis, ibyo London yise igitero kinini nk’icyo muri ako karere. Ku ya 10 Mutarama, umunyamabanga wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, Antony Blinken, yavuze ko ibindi bitero bishobora gutera igisirikare cy’iburengerazuba gisubiza ibitero byagabwe.
Aba Houthis bari barabonye inkunga ahagana mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana bava muri Shia Yemeni batunzwe na ruswa n’ubugome bya perezida umaze igihe kinini ategekesha igitugu akaba n’umufasha wa Arabiya Sawudite, Ali Abdullah Saleh, cyane cyane nyuma y’itariki ya 9/11 ndetse n’igitero cy’Amerika muri Iraki. Imyigaragambyo yamamaye ndetse n’abagerageje kumwica benshi byatumye Saleh yegura mu 2012.
Muri 2014, Aba Houthis bifatanije n’uwahoze ari umwanzi wabo Saleh gufata umurwa mukuru, Sana’a, maze bahirika perezida mushya washyigikiwe n’iburengerazuba, Abd Rabbu Mansour Hadi, nyuma y’umwaka. Hadi amaze guhatirwa guhunga, guverinoma ya Yemeni yari mu buhungiro yasabye abayoboke bayo bo muri Arabiya Sawudite na UAE gutangiza igitero cya gisirikare, nacyo gishyigikiwe n’iburengerazuba, kugira ngo birukane Aba Houthis.
Intambara iteye ubwoba y’abenegihugu yaje gukurikiraho ko Loni ivuga ko hapfuye abantu 377.000 kandi abantu miliyoni 4 bakimurwa mu mpera za 2021.
Aba Houthis mu byukuri batsinze intambara. Muri Mata 2022, ihagarikwa ry’imirwano ryatumye ihohoterwa rigabanuka cyane, kandi imirwano ahanini yakomeje kumvikana nubwo ayo masezerano yarangiye mu Kwakira.
Bamwe mu Banya Yemeni babona ko ibikorwa bya Houthi ari inzira yemewe yo guhatira Isiraheli ndetse n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo mu kurengera abaturage b’Abanyapalestine, kandi abasesenguzi bavuga ko gutabaza kw’Aba Houthis byafashije mu nkunga zabo mu ngo. Aba barwanyi kandi bemeza ko ibitero byibasiye inyanja Itukura bishobora gutuma bagira uruhare rukomeye ku isi, kimwe na Yemeni muri rusange nubwo hari guverinoma izwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu majyepfo y’igihugu.
