Uburasirazuba bwa Kongo bumaze imyaka bugarijwe n’amakimbirane, aho M23 iri mu mitwe irenga 100 yitwaje intwaro irwanira ikirenge mu gace gakungahaye ku bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro hafi y’umupaka n’u Rwanda. Bamwe bashinjwaga kuba barishe abantu benshi.
Mu cyumweru gishize habaye imvururu mu mirwano hagati y’inyeshyamba za M23 n’ingabo za Kongo, kandi bibaye mu gihe Umuryango w’abibumbye uteganya gukura ingabo z’amahoro mu karere mu mpera z’umwaka.
Ubushyamirane nabwo buriyongera hagati ya Congo n’u Rwanda, aho bashinja mugenzi wabo gutera inkunga imitwe itandukanye yitwaje intwaro. Congo irashinja u Rwanda gushyigikira M23.
Mu mpera z’iki cyumweru, Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga ya Amerika yamaganye icyo yise “ihohoterwa rikabije.” Itsinda ry’ibigo by’ubutabazi ryagereranije ko abantu miliyoni imwe bamaze kwimurwa n’imirwano mu mezi atatu ashize.
Imyigaragambyo yo ku ya 23 Werurwe, cyangwa M23, ni umutwe w’abasirikare bigometse ahanini ugizwe n’abatutsi b’amoko bitandukanije n’ingabo za Kongo mu myaka icumi ishize. Bagabye igitero kinini mu 2012 maze bigarurira umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Goma hafi y’umupaka n’u Rwanda, umujyi umwe bongeye gutera ubwoba.
Amakimbirane afite ibibazo byo mu karere, aho u Rwanda ruturanye na rwo ruregwa n’impuguke z’Amerika na Amerika ko zahaye M23 inkunga ya gisirikare. U Rwanda rubihakana ariko rwiyemereye neza ku wa mbere ko rufite ingabo na misile mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo. U Rwanda rwavuze ko ibyo ari ukurinda umutekano wacyo kubera ko ruvuga ko ari ukubaka ingabo za Kongo hafi y’umupaka. U Rwanda rwanze guhamagarwa na Amerika kuvaho.
Hariho kandi isano na jenoside yo mu Rwanda mu myaka 30 ishize, aho M23 n’u Rwanda bavuga bitandukanye ko barwanya iterabwoba ry’umutwe w’inyeshyamba wo muri Kongo ufitanye isano n’ingabo za Kongo kandi igice kigizwe n’Abahutu b’amoko bagize uruhare mu 1994 itsembabwoko.
Umubano hagati ya Congo n’umuturanyi w’iburasirazuba umaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo. Ibihumbi n’ibihumbi by’impunzi z’Abahutu zo mu Rwanda zari zarahungiye muri Kongo, icyo gihe Zayire, nyuma ya jenoside yo mu Rwanda yo mu 1994. Muri bo harimo abasirikari n’abasirikare bagize uruhare mu iyicwa ry’abatutsi 800.000 n’Abahutu bashyira mu gaciro.
Nyuma yimyaka ibiri itsembabwoko, u Rwanda na Uganda byateye mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo kugira ngo bigerageze kurandura burundu ibyasigaye muri abo bakoze jenoside, bituma ihirikwa rya Perezida wa Kongo, Mobutu Sese Seko.
Ubushyamirane hagati ya Congo n’u Rwanda bwarushijeho kwiyongera mu 2021 hamwe n’ibitero bya M23 byibasiye abasirikare ba Kongo nyuma y’imyaka hafi icumi badakora neza kubera amasezerano y’amahoro 2013. Kuba hari imitwe myinshi yitwaje ibirwanisho bivugwa ko ifitanye isano n’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro butemewe, aho uburasirazuba bwa Kongo bukungahaye kuri zahabu n’andi mabuye y’agaciro.
M23 yagabye ibitero bishya mu mpera z’umwaka ushize kandi irabiyongera mu byumweru bishize. Ubu iryo tsinda riratera ubwoba ko rizafata umujyi ukomeye wa Sake, nko mu bilometero 16 mu burengerazuba bwa Goma. Ibyo bishobora gutuma ibiribwa n’imfashanyo bigabanywa muri Goma, yari ituwe n’abaturage bagera ku 600.000 mu myaka mike ishize, ariko ubu ikaba ifite abantu barenga miliyoni 2, nkuko bitangazwa n’inzego z’ubutabazi, kubera ko abantu bahunga urugomo mu mijyi no mu midugudu ikikije.
Akanama gashinzwe impunzi muri Noruveje kavuze ko iterambere ry’inyeshyamba kuri Sake “ribangamiye gahunda zose z’ubutabazi” mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo. Yavuze ko abantu 135.000 bimuwe mu minsi itanu gusa mu ntangiriro za Gashyantare.
Ihohoterwa kandi ryateje imyigaragambyo kuva ku murwa mukuru Kinshasa, kugera i Goma, abigaragambyaga bafite umujinya bavuga ko umuryango mpuzamahanga udakora ibishoboka ngo usubize inyuma M23 kandi ko udafashe icyemezo gihagije cyo kurwanya u Rwanda.
Imirwano mishya ishobora gutuma amakimbirane akomera mu karere kandi akagira ibihugu byinshi. Mu gihe Umuryango w’abibumbye uhagarika imirimo y’imyaka 25 yo kubungabunga amahoro mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo, ingabo z’ibihugu byinshi ziyobowe n’umuryango w’akarere ka Afurika yepfo zigiye kwinjiramo. Izo ngabo zizaba zirimo abasirikare bo mu bihugu by’akarere ka Afurika yepfo, Malawi na Tanzaniya. Bazafasha ingabo za Congo, ariko zishobora kubashyira mu ntambara itaziguye nu Rwanda.
Hariho kandi ikiguzi cyubutabazi. Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta muri Kongo, itsinda ry’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta ikorera muri aka karere, yavuze ko kwiyongera mu mirwano birimo ibitero bya rutura byibasiye abaturage b’abasivili, bigatuma umubare munini w’abakozi ndetse n’abakozi benshi b’ubuzima n’abatabazi bavaho.
Ikigo gishinzwe impunzi cya Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika kivuga ko Uburasirazuba bwa Kongo bwari bumaze kugira kimwe mu bibazo by’ubutabazi bukabije ku isi, aho abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 6 bavanywe mu byabo kubera amakimbirane.
Hari impungenge ko icyago gishya gishobora kutamenyekana cyane kubera kwita ku ntambara yo muri Gaza no mu Burusiya bwateye Ukraine.
